No significant differences in brain activity in response to pornographic images were found between the two groups. Additionally, the anterior cingulate region of mPFC activation during the MA-related cue-reactivity paradigm was positively correlated with craving alterations and previous frequency of drug use. The results showed that, when compared with controls, individuals with MA use disorder displayed elevated activity in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and right lateral posterior cingulate cortex in response to MA-related images. To enrich knowledge in this field, functional brain imaging was conducted during a cue-reactivity paradigm task in 28 individuals with MA use disorder following long-term compulsory drug rehabilitation, and 27 healthy control subjects. However, patterns of brain activity following cue-reactivity in subjects with long-term MA abstinence, especially long-term compulsory drug rehabilitation, have not been well studied. Studies utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) cue-reactivity paradigms have demonstrated that short-term abstinent or current methamphetamine (MA) users have increased brain activity in the ventral striatum, caudate nucleus and medial frontal cortex, when exposed to MA-related visual cues. The cue-reactivity was associated with gamma activity of the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit and executive control circuit in patients with methamphetamine use disorder. It indicated that drug-related virtual environments can induce craving and central and peripheral electrophysiological responses. However, no association was found between self-reported craving and electrocortical activity and physiological response. In addition, the high gamma current density of these two ROIs predicted the skin conductance level changes. Gamma current density in medial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were decreased after exposure to drug related cue. The VR drug-related cue induced an increased craving and skin conductance level compared with neutral VR situation. With standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography source estimation, gamma current density were used to measure the activity of medial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex which are responsible for mesocorticolimbic reward circuit and executive control circuit. Self-reported craving was assessed and galvanic skin response and heart rate variability were used to measure the autonomic nervous reactivity. ![]() To explore the brain mechanism of processing drug-related cues.Ħ0 methamphetamine users were recruited and exposed to the drug-related virtual reality (VR) environment in which showing the methamphetamine use process. Electrophysiological studies have indicated that the change of gamma oscillatory in cortex, as well as autonomic nervous activity was associated with cue reactivity. ![]() Accumulated studies about substance use disorders indicated that the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit and executive control circuit played interactive roles in the cue-reactivity.
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